Identity/biometrics/technology marketing and writing services
Update to the February 27 version. Added Incode.
| Vendor | Modality | Confirming Lab | Link/Date |
| Aware | Face | BixeLab | November 2025 |
| FaceTec | Face | BixeLab | October 2025 |
| Incode | Face | iBeta | February 2026 |
| Paravision | Face | Ingenium | September 2025 |
| Yoti | Face | iBeta | January 2026 |
I remember when I was working in Anaheim and keeping track of the latest BIPA lawsuits, back when you could count them on one hand…then on two hands…then there were too many.
I feel the same way about my previous attempts to track the vendors that offer solutions that conform to ISO 30107-3 Presentation Attack Detection Level 3. I thought I’d found them all, then I’d find another one.
So here’s my current (Friday afternoon) list of the PAD 3 conforming solutions.
| Vendor | Modality | Confirming Lab | Link/Date |
| Aware | Face | BixeLab | November 2025 |
| FaceTec | Face | BixeLab | October 2025 |
| Paravision | Face | Ingenium | September 2025 |
| Yoti | Face | iBeta | January 2026 |
While Google Gemini informed me that Veridas had also received Level 3 confirmation from iBeta, that turned out to be a hallucination. Veridas realizes the importance of Level 3, though, as do other selected vendors, so I suspect this table will be outdated soon.
Oh, and just to confuse things further, some of the other tests, such as CEN/TS 18099 injection attack detection tests, also may apply in some way to presentation attacks. Or maybe not. We’ll see.
This morning’s post listed three companies with independently demonstrated conformance to ISO 30107-3 presentation attack detection level 3: Aware, FaceTec, and Yoti.
The independent evaluators were BixeLab and iBeta.
But Ingenium provides PAD level 3 conformance assessments also.
And Ingenium testified to Paravision’s conformance.
So that’s a total of four companies at PAD Level 3: Aware, FaceTec, Paravision, and Yoti.
Who else did I miss?
And I will revisit my earlier question. Will consumers perceive that THEIR data is valuable enough to warrant Level 3 liveness detection? And avoid the solutions with “only” Level 2 conformance?
Four companies (so far) are betting on it.
If you needed any confirmation that Presentation Attack Detection Level 2 is so last year, you have it now.
Last month I talked about Yoti achieving confirmation of PAD Level 3 in iBeta testing.
But iBeta isn’t the only entity performing PAD Level 3 testing.
Will PAD Level 3 become the new floor for liveness detection? It depends upon your needs. Here’s how Mantra explains the difference between levels 2 and 3.
Level 2 (L2):
More realistic spoofs-high-quality 3D masks, composite fingers, better materials. Harder to detect, but still lab-craft attacks.
Level 3 (L3):
Advanced adversary scenarios-custom molds, hyper-realistic masks, lab-grade fabrication. Represents attackers with serious resources.
The “serious resources” part is key. Fraudsters will only spend “serious resources” if the target is valuable enough.
But will consumers perceive that THEIR data is valuable enough to warrant Level 3 liveness detection? And avoid the solutions with “only” Level 2 conformance?
Three companies (so far) are betting on it.
(Actually four. See my update.)
(And yes, the three hands on the fraudster should have been a giveaway…)
There are numerous independent testing laboratories, holding testing certifications from various entities, that test a product’s conformance to the requirements of a particular standard.
For presentation attack detection (liveness), organizations such as iBeta and BixeLab test conformance to ISO 30107-3.
For injection attack detection, Ingenium tests conformance to CEN/TS 18099:2025, as well as testing that exceeds the requirements of that standard.
Unfortunately, I was unable to locate a central source of all of Ingenium’s testing results. So I had to hunt around.
| Biometric Vendor | Ingenium Injection Attack Detection Test Level | Notes |
| FaceTec | 2 | Ingenium letter on FaceTec website |
| iProov | 4 | Bredemarket blog post “Injection Attack Detection, CEN/TS 18099:2025, and iProov“ |
And…that’s all I could find.
Ingenium’s testing is relatively new, as is the whole idea of performing injection attack detection testing in general, so it shouldn’t be surprising that vendors haven’t rushed to get independent confirmation of injection attack capabilities.
But they should.
I’ve mentioned this before, but it’s worth exploring in more detail, since I only discussed Level 4. Here’s a complete list of all five of Ingenium’s testing evaluation tiers:
- Level 1: CEN Substantial: This tier is equivalent to the CEN TS 18099:2025 ‘substantial’ evaluation level. A Level 1 test requires 25 FTE days and includes a focus on 2 or more IAMs and 10 or more IAI species. It’s a great starting point for assessing your system’s resilience to common injection attacks.
- Level 2: CEN High: Exceeding the substantial level, this tier aligns with the CEN TS 18099:2025 ‘high’ evaluation level. This 30-day FTE evaluation expands the scope to include 3 or more IAMs and a higher attack weighting, providing a more rigorous test of your system’s defenses.
- Level 3: This level goes beyond the CEN TS 18099:2025 standard to provide an even more robust evaluation. The 35-day FTE program focuses on a higher attack weighting, with a greater emphasis on sophisticated IAMs and IAI species to ensure a more thorough assessment of your system’s resilience.
- Level 4: A 40-day FTE evaluation that further exceeds the CEN TS 18099:2025 standard. Level 4 maintains a high attack weighting while specifically targeting the IAI detection capabilities of your system. Although not a formal PAD (Presentation Attack Detection) assessment, this level offers valuable insights into your system’s PAD subsystem resilience.
- Level 5: Our most comprehensive offering, this 50-day FTE evaluation goes well beyond the CEN TS 18099:2025 requirements. Level 5 includes the highest level of Ingenium-created IAI species, which are specifically tailored to the unique functionality of your system. This intensive testing provides the deepest insight into your system’s resilience to injection attacks.
As I was publicizing my iProov injection attack detection post, I used Grok to create an injection attack detection video. Not for the squeamish, but injection attacks are nasty anyway.
Bredemarket